Eurycoma longifolia

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This article is about the small Asian tree in the genus Eurycoma. For the tall Australian tree also known as "Long Jack", see Flindersia xanthoxyla.

Eurycoma longifolia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Simaroubaceae
Genus:	Eurycoma
Species:	E. longifolia
Binomial name
Eurycoma longifolia Jack[1]

Eurycoma longifolia (commonly called tongkat ali or pasak bumi) is a flowering plant in the family Simaroubaceae, native to Indonesia, Malaysia, and, to a lesser extent, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos. It is also known under the names penawar pahit, penawar bias, bedara merah, bedara putih, lempedu pahit, payong ali, tongkat baginda, muntah bumi, petala bumi (all the above Malay); bidara laut (Indonesian); babi kurus (Javanese); cay ba binh (Vietnamese); hae phan chan, plaa lai phuenk, phiak (Thai); and tho nan (Laotian).^[2] Many of the common names refer to the plants medicinal use and extreme bitterness. "Penawar pahit" translates simply as "bitter charm" or "bitter medicine". ^[3] Older literature, such as a 1953 article in the Journal of Ecology, may cite only "penawar pahit" as the plant's common Malay name.^[4]